The study gives various data on municipal incineration (MSW) and describes the methodology to calculate the total incineration costs and allocate costs to specific products. In particular the study shows that in the average European situation, the PVC total incineration cost is similar to other high calorific waste products and represents around 2.3% of the total MSW cost. This cost share is not significant compared to usual variations of incineration processing costs throughout Europe, (...)

The study was compiled in response to public concerns following illegal use of fly ash from a facility near Newcastle, the key concern raised being the presence of dioxins in incinerator ash. The UK and Wales agency found out that 9% of the 28.2 million tons of municipal waste produced in U.K. were incinerated in the 11 incinerators in England, producing 2.78 million tons of ash. The ashes went to 42 destinations, 79% to landfill and 21% to ash processors to make bulk fill or substitution (...)

Hydrogen chloride is the main degradation product in the processing of PVC at high temperatures. But its monitored exposure levels in the processing industry in Nordic countries is significantly lower than the authorised occupational limits. Usually the most abundant airborne products originate from additives, such as plasticizers. The best-known effect is meat wrapper’s asthma syndrome but its causative agents are not identified. Some reports suggest that fumes also affect lung function (...)